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Spade Drill introduction
Created on 2024.04.22
Spade Drill Diameter
Range: ø9.5mm~ø114mm Effective Length: 50/70/100/150/200/250/300/350/400/450/500 mm The insert design is suitable for deep hole machining.
The helical insert design and central sprue (internal cooling) optimize chip removal.
A single shank can be fitted with multiple insert sizes, offering economic efficiency.
*The shank length can be customized to machining needs.
Suitable for a wide range of equipment (radial drills, vertical drills, horizontal drilling machines, machining centers, etc.), with low requirements for equipment rigidity. The integral head allows for precise centering and features chip removal and chip breaking grooves, enabling deep hole machining.
Spade Drills are generally used for medium-speed machining between U-drilling and conventional drilling. Inserts are typically made of high-speed steel, and the spindle speed is generally below 1000 rpm. Compared to conventional drills, no sharpening is required, reducing the skill requirements for operators.
Usage instructions for handles with diameters 8 times or greater (same for vertical and horizontal positions)
Spade Drills consist of a steel shank and interchangeable inserts. The handle is available in two configurations: a side-fixed handle and a Morse code handle.
Side-mounted tool holders are commonly used in CNC lathes, machining centers, and CNC machine tools, while Morse taper tool holders are used in traditional equipment such as vertical drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and general-purpose vehicles. By simply installing a cooling ring system, one can switch from external to internal cooling. Cooling water enters the tool holder through the cooling ring and directly cools the cutting edge through internal cooling holes. Furthermore, high-pressure cooling water is more effective for chip removal.
Based on the length-to-diameter ratio (L/D ratio), tool holders can be classified as 3D, 5D, 7D, 9D, or even higher.
Drill inserts are divided into carbide inserts and high-speed steel inserts, including cobalt-containing high-speed steel inserts.
- Carbide (Φ9.5mm~Φ47.5mm) with Balchas coating
- Powder high-speed steel (Φ9.5mm~Φ114.0mm)
- Cobalt-containing high-speed steel (Φ9.5mm~Φ114.0mm)
Some non-standard inserts can even be made larger.
High-speed steel inserts are generally made of M42 cobalt-containing high-speed steel with 8% cobalt, possessing good wear resistance and toughness.
Drill inserts are positioned by grooves and fixed by two screw holes in opposite directions, ensuring the insert's symmetry is between 0.01-0.02mm.
Depending on the size of the insert, it generally has 2-6 chip breaker grooves. Selecting different inserts based on different cutting materials and equipment is more conducive to improving processing efficiency.
Spade Drill Usage Instructions: Usage of 8x Diameter and Larger Tool Holders (Same for Vertical and Horizontal Machines)
- Pilot Hole Machining: Create a pilot hole at least twice the diameter of the deep hole using a short tool holder with the same diameter as the deep hole.
Use an insert with the same tip angle as the deep hole drill, or an insert with a larger angle.
- Deep Hole Drill Insertion: Set the maximum speed to 50 RPM, fix the feed rate F=300 mm/min, and turn off the coolant. Under these conditions, insert the deep hole drill 1-3 mm from the end of the pilot hole.
- Machining Blind Holes: Set the speed and feed to 100% of the recommended values. When machining deep holes, check the chip removal status and machine load. Do not use segmented feeding.
*If the chip cannot be broken during actual machining, use segmented machining. When using segmented feeding, start with 4 mm and gradually increase the segment length.
*If the machine load changes drastically, it may be due to chip clogging. To prevent drill bit damage, interrupt machining and check cutting conditions and insert shape.
- Through-hole machining (just before drilling):
Set the speed S to 50% of the recommended value and the feed rate F to 75% of the recommended value before the drill tip emerges.
If the opening is a beveled hole, perform the same settings as above before any part of the drill bit emerges.
The cutting edge of the drill bit must be exposed at least 3mm before withdrawing the drill bit.
- How to withdraw the drill bit:
When withdrawing the drill bit, set the maximum rotation speed to 50 rpm.
Precautions during deep hole machining:
*When using a shovel drill shank with a diameter of 8 times or more, be sure to drill a 1D-2D pilot hole.
*Use as much coolant as possible.
Vibration during cutting may cause bolts to loosen.
First, check the bolt tightness.
Mohs Spade Drill (requires a cooling ring)
Precautions for using the Spade Drill
- Tighten the insert fastening bolts evenly from left to right.
- Do not touch the tool tip during preparation.
- Refer to the Spade Drill machining parameter table to confirm that the cutting speed, vertical feed, and horizontal feed types are the same.
Use a short tool holder to machine the pilot hole, and use inserts with the same diameter as an 8x or larger tool holder to ensure chip removal.
Insert the pilot hole into the tool holder with a tool holder of 8x or larger diameter and the same diameter as the pilot hole drill bit. Rotate at low speed and feed rapidly to initiate cooling.
Pre-cut by rotating 1-2mm before starting to cut.
When cutting and unloading, check the machine load chart and cut simultaneously.
Return to the original position with low speed and rapid feed.
Precautions during deep hole machining
*When using a Spade Drill tool holder with a diameter of 8x or larger, be sure to drill a 1D-2D pilot hole.
*Use as much coolant as possible.
Vibration during cutting may cause the bolts to loosen.
First, check the tightness of the bolts.
Spade Drill machining parameter calculation
The linear speed of drilling high-speed steel and powder high-speed steel cutting tools is 20-40 m/s², while that of cemented carbide cutting tools is 50-60 m/s². The feed per revolution for shovel drill cutting tools can reach 0.1-0.6 mm.
A. Drilling speed calculation formula: S = VC * 1000 / 3.14 / Dc
(S is rotational speed, Vc is linear speed, Dc is cutting tool diameter)
B. Feed calculation formula: Vf = Fr * S
(Vf is feed, Fr is feed per hole, S is rotational speed)
C. Machining time formula: Tc = H / Vf * 60
(Tc is machining time, H is hole depth, Vf is feed)
Calculation Example: Machining diameter 20mm, depth 100mm, selecting powder high-speed steel inserts, with a linear speed of 40 meters per minute.
S = 401000 / 3.14 / 20 = 636 (Recommended drilling speed: F 600-650 m/min)
Vf = 0.2636 = 127 (Recommended feed rate: S 110-130 m/min)
Tc = 100 / 127 * 60 = 47 (Machining time approximately 50 seconds)
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